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Difference:

The dosimetric meanings and applicable types of the three are different: absorbed dose is applicable to any substance and any type of radiation. It is a basic dosimetric quantity in radiation biology, clinical radiology and radiation protection. It describes the average energy imparted to the material by radiation; the exposure dose is only applicable to Xγ and the acting material is limited to the air medium. It describes the ionization ability of Xγ in the air.

Dose equivalent refers to the product of the absorbed dose, the quality factor and all other correction factors at a certain point in the tissue to be studied.

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The exposure dose-acting substance is limited to the air medium, but in practical applications, the exposure dose is not only applicable to the infinitely extended air. For example, the absorbed dose of organisms that are difficult to directly measure is usually converted after the exposure dose is measured with the help of a human body model: their transformation relationship D = fX (f is the conversion coefficient), so when the numerical difference of less than 15% can be ignored in the protection of medical The product of Q and all other correction factors N is represented by H. Its SI unit is Sievert (Sv), 1Sv=1J/kg. The previously used unit is rem (rem), 1 rem=10-2Sv. The absorbed dose is the energy given by ionizing radiation to the substance, and it is an important physical quantity for studying the various changes caused by radiation. However, due to different types of radiation, even if the same substance absorbs the same dose, the changes caused are not the same.

Alpha rays are also called a particle beams and are high-speed moving ammonia nuclei. The a particle consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Its rest mass is 6.64x10-27 kg and its charged capacity is 3.20x10-19. In physics, He is used to represent a particle or ammonia nucleus. Roofe first discovered that natural radioactivity consists of several different rays. He named the positively charged rays a-rays and the negatively charged rays B-rays. In a series of subsequent experiments, Rutherford and others confirmed that alpha particles were helium nuclei.

γ rays, also known as v particle flow, are rays released when atomic nuclear energy level transitions deexcite, and are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than 0.01 angstroms. Rays have strong penetrating power and can be used in industry for flaw detection or automatic control of assembly lines. Y-rays are lethal to cells and are used medically to treat tumors.

Gamma rays were first discovered by French scientist P.V. Villard. They are the third type of nuclear rays discovered after B-rays.

Alpha rays: are alpha particle streams emitted by radioactive materials. They are easily blocked by thin layers of material, but they have a strong ionizing effect.

Beta rays: Negatively charged particles released when radioactive isotopes decay. They have a short range and weak penetrating power in the air.

γ rays: have short wavelength, strong penetrating power, and long range. They can irradiate many materials at one time, and the dose is relatively uniform. They are highly dangerous and must be shielded.

Commonly used personal radiation dosimeters include: personal dosimeter (X, y), neutron personal dosimeter, thermoluminescent film